Weekend Update

And now with your weekend update, your humble correspondent, Rikki-poo.

Thanks, Megan - or . . . whatever.  >sigh<

Okay, just wanted to throw something out there without smearing it all over facepagetuber.  I know I haven't been putting much on here lately.  But I HAVE been busy, and creative.  The Rick Clogston Band (which has REALLY got to get another name) played at the Green House last weekend, and we rocked!  In my humble opinion, and strictly because of the incredible people I'm playing with, and probably in spite of the trite songs I wrote for them.  It felt so good to hear my own music.  We're looking at recording something, somewhere, this summer.  Hope hope hope.

The other big project on right now is a novel.  I've got 22 chapters written, and it's probably a little more than half way through.  It's been running out of me like a great river.  I've shared the early parts with half a dozen people, and none of them have gotten back to me yet.  If you're interested in reading part of it, let me know.

And that's about it for now.  Be good and keep rockin'.

Rick

Thoughts on Alvin Lee

The other day I was at work and felt like listening to some music.  So I got out some CD’s that I had with me and selected one I hadn't listened to in quite some time; “A Space In Time” by Ten Years After.  The next thing I did was check my email open a news feed we regularly get, and there was a small headline that said “Legendary Woodstock Guitarist Dies.”  You can imagine the chill that ran down my spine when I opened the link and found out who it was.

Everybody who’s ever heard of Alvin Lee and Ten Years After will now pony up and give their thoughts on him and his music. And, I guess I’m going to do it, too.  Probably won’t be much different for me, just that when I was starting to play he was one of the players I most admired.  And, really, I still hear a lot of his style in my own playing.  Nowhere near as good, of course.

All the things I’m reading about him refer to TYA’s performance at Woodstock.  That was a heck of a show.  There were big names whose performances there didn’t really go well, and some didn’t even make the movie.  Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, the Grateful Dead.  Some big names got to add Woodstock to an already impressive resume, like Jimi Hendrix and The Who.

There were other acts whose career got kick started by being on the bill, in most cases during the day when the “lesser” acts – at least, lesser known – took the stage.  Santana and Richie Havens both got their first national attention there, along with Sly and the Family Stone.  And of course, Ten Years After’s “I’m Going Home” was an often-referred-to highlight.

In truth, they already had a couple albums out by the time they played the Woodstock Music and Arts Festival in August of 1969.  They sold reasonably well in the UK, but barely made a ripple here.  That changed, of course.  The timing was good as well, as their first few albums weren't nearly as good as the ones that were to come.  Oh, the first few, Watt and Stonedhenge and Shhhhhh were all right, and they’re enjoyable to listen to even now.  But the production quality was haphazard and the performances were spotty.  Still, as icons of the British Blues movement they hold up well against contemporary albums from Fleetwood Mac and Savoy Brown.

With the Cricklewood Green album, things began to change.  Everything from the songwriting to the sound of the records took a big step forward.  The next album, A Space In Time, contained their biggest single, “I’d Love to Change the World.”  That album and the two that followed, Rock and Roll Music To the World and Positive Vibrations, were arguably just as good.  Captured Live was also very good.

At this point Alvin Lee apparently got the urge to move on.  Before Positive Vibrations he did a live double album with a whole different band backing him up, going out as Alvin Lee & Co.  It sold fairly well, but I never really liked it as much as any of the TYA stuff.  He continued making solo albums with different musicians that didn't do really well or sound nearly as good.

It always seemed funny that he would feel it necessary to go solo in the first place.  He was the sole songwriter for Ten Years After, did all the singing, and played all the leads.  If ever a band could be considered no more than backing musicians, it was TYA.  And yet, somehow, he never sounded as good with anybody else.

The ultimate confirmation came in 1989 when he got back together with TYA and did a reunion album called “About Time.”  It was as if they never left.  It’s a really good record, and if you ever get the chance to hear it, you’ll understand.  I guess since then he’s been in and out of the band and has kept recording and touring.

To be honest, I’d kind of lost touch with Alvin Lee for a long time.  I have all the TYA stuff and a few of his solo albums.  Every now and then I’ll get the urge and break one out, the way I did the other day at work.  He was a big hero of mine back in the day.  I always felt kind of bad that he faded away the way he did.

I often wonder about people like him.  He was so big, and it looked like Ten Years After was secure in its place in rock history.  Look at the other acts that made an impression at Woodstock.  The Who and Santana are still around, as are Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young (together and apart).  Janis Joplin and Jimi Hendrix are gone, but their music lives on and is as popular and respected as ever.

Then there’s acts like Ten Years After that flashed, burned for a while, and then petered out.  I don’t really know a lot about Alvin Lee’s life, so I don’t know if he was bitter about that.  You hear every now and then about “rock stars” that have a big hit, and then the ride ends and most of the band goes back to something like a regular life.  They go back to school, or start a business, or just get a job and that rock star period is a footnote of their lives.

And there’s always one guy in the band who thinks he can make lightning strike one more time.  He keeps playing, keeps making demos, keeps showing up on VH1 Classic or Entertainment Tonight as “Joe Blow, formerly of That Group.”  Is that what Alvin Lee’s life was like since the mid 1970’s?  Was he a pathetic Once-Was who was eternally trying to recapture the glory days?  Hey, didn't you used to be Alvin Lee?

I've seen pieces in the last couple of days that suggest that he actually stepped away from the spotlight on purpose, and that his leaving TYA was the means of doing it.  He liked playing music, and was good enough and fortunate enough that he got to do it for the rest of his life.  He kept playing live, kept making albums, and kept being respected for his considerable talent and accomplishments.  He just didn't need the whole star trip.

I hope that’s the way it was.  It seems consistent with the man who wrote:

Everywhere is
Freaks and hairies
Dykes and Fairies
Tell me where there’s sanity
- "I’d Love to Change the World", from A Space In Time

In the early ‘70’s he did an album with Mylon Lefevre called “On the Road To Freedom.”  Mylon is a well-known star in the Contemporary Christian Music scene who, before he “got religion” used to open for people like Clapton, etc. etc. etc.  I got to hear Mylon speak at the Creation festival back in the ‘80’s, and somebody asked him about whether or not he ever heard from any of the rock star buddies from his early days.

He reported that his old friend, Alvin Lee had accepted Jesus and become a born-again Christian.  That would be consistent with the man who wrote this:

I can’t relate to any power structure
Where ego is the driving energy
I let mine go a long, long time ago, now
When I decided that I would be free.
- "Religion", from Positive Vibrations

Rest in peace, Captain Speedfingers.

Carlos!

It’s kind of difficult to break the Santana band’s catalog down into particular eras.  Musically, the elements present on their first album in 1969 are intact on their latest release; lots of Latin percussion, and Carlos’ guitar.  Their musical journey has been evolutionary, with those two factors as the constants of their universe.

The clearest break in their history was the departure of Greg Rolie and Neal Schon after their fourth album, Caravanserai.  That represented probably the most radical change in the band’s sound, and many would say that they’ve never been as good.  Their first three albums especially had a fire and a raw energy that few if any of their later releases possessed.

As a package, these first three albums are an interesting study, especially taken in light of the ’97 release of their ’68 live set at the Fillmore, along with their famous performance at the Woodstock festival.  On the Fillmore album they are young and raw, still finding their way.  By Woodstock, only about a year later, they were much tighter and the songs much more fleshed out.  The first album hadn’t even been released yet, but the incendiary footage of “Soul Sacrifice” put “Santana I” high on the chart.

Still, this first album, as hot as it was, only showed their potential.  The second, Abraxas, was better, and the third album arguably better still.  Among Santana fans, the debate will surely rage until the Second Coming whether Abraxas or III was the better album.  Some say Abraxas was too raw, others that III was too slick and too mellow.  I’m still deciding, so please put them both back in the CD player, thank you.

Now, it is widely known that the band were using a lot of, ahem, recreational chemical enhancement during this period.  Carlos has admitted in print that he was very, very high during the Woodstock set and alleges to not remember a lot of the details.  He has been quite unapologetic about the use especially of psychedelics, claiming that they “opened up” a lot of possibilities creatively.

Somewhere between III and Caravanserai, he seemed to suddenly get a deep interest in a more spiritual way of life.  He gave up drugs, and according to reports was introduced by fellow guitarist John McLaughlin to the Indian spiritual teacher, Sri Chinmoy.  It would appear that this created a lot of tension in the band, and after Caravanserai Rolie and Schon left to form Journey.

I have to say, I feel a lot of sympathy for Greg Rolie.  He was one of the driving forces behind the early Santana sound, writing many of the songs and acting as keyboardist and lead vocalist.  He and Schon left just as the band was reaching the pinnacle of success, the beginning of a period of almost two decades when everything the band released went at least gold.

Early Journey, on the other hand, languished at the bottom of the charts through their first three albums.  People expecting more of the Santana Latin sound were sorely disappointed to hear what now sounds like second-rate jazz-rock.  It took the addition of lead singer Steve Perry to finally break through.  Unfortunately, their success took the band in a direction where Rolie did not want to go, and was not needed.  Again, he left a band just as they were getting huge.  He’s had two bites of the apple, and so far has never gotten another.  But stay tuned, because he will reappear in this story.

Anyway, Carlos started hanging with Sri Chinmoy and accepted a new spiritual name, Devadip, much as John McLaughlin added Mahavishnu.  The two proceeded to record an album together, called Love, Devotion, Surrender.  On the cover they are both wearing all white and short hair.  It was quite an image for the Santana fans used to the wild, long-haired young man in the black leather vest from Woodstock.

For guitar junkies, it was a feast.  It’s largely just two shred-meisters jamming, but MAN!  What jamming!  There’s, again, a lot of debate about this album.  Fans of each guitarist tend to claim their man as “the winner,” as if it were some kind of high-end head-cutting contest.  And, in some ways, that’s exactly what it was.  Rock vs. jazz, America vs. England, white vs. Hispanic, trained vs. untrained.  Carlos famously does not know how to read music, McLaughlin came from stints with jazz heavies like Miles Davis.

It was surprisingly democratic, however.  Both bands contributed, and both soloists got plenty of showcase time.  No one style, group, or soloist particularly dominated the sessions.  Which is exactly what I think they were striving for; a spiritual coming together of two massive talents, the likes of which is rarely seen.

It is interesting forty years on to go back and give it a listen.  Despite their unity at that time under Chinmoy’s big umbrella, their individual styles come shining through.  In a way, it was McLaughlin’s chance to school the street-educated rocker how to play “proper” music.  But while Mahavishnu’s playing is precise and expertly constructed, Carlos just burns with joy.  The jazz man is making all the changes and pushing the rhythm section while the rocker belches flame all over it.  And it’s a clear, shining flame that leaves no smoke and consumes all.  You could argue that Mahavishnu played better, but Devadip clearly had more fun.

And so begins the “post-Rolie” period, which pretty much continues through hills and valleys and around corners in various directions to this day.  The band’s next album, Welcome, continued the new Chinmoy theme with an all-white cover.  Signifying spiritual purity, y’know.  It was so pure, it was downright somnambulistic.  Actually, the music is damned good and pretty hot in places, but there are absolutely no burrs or dirt on it whatsoever.  Tom Coster, the new keyboardist, proves to be twice as good and half as interesting as his predecessor.  And at the end of the sessions, drummer Mike Shrieve, who made a name for himself at Woodstock with one of the greatest drum solos ever, left the band.

By now the roster was on revolving door mode anyway.  Upwards of thirty or more musicians and singers have claimed membership in the band over the years.  And every one of them has been top grade.

Essential albums:

The first three, for sure.  These are what the legend is built upon.  Welcome is good, Borboletta is better and rocks more.  Amigos is quite good, getting into more of a funk mode.  Yeah, it’s a little too cheery and light in places, but it cooks.  One of Carlos’ solo albums, 1979’s Oneness – Silver Dreams, Golden Realities, has some interesting stuff on it.

From the later ‘70’s, Moonflower from 1977 is a must-have.  It’s a double album with studio and live tracks mixed together.  Inner Secrets (1978) and Marathon (1979) are also worth a listen.  There’s a live album from 1975 called Lotus that is well worth tracking down.  Originally released only in Japan as a three-record set, I found it at a store specializing in imports.  It’s great, and a nice broad snapshot of the band in the Welcome era.  And it’s available now on 2 CD’s.

The ‘80’s started off well with ‘81’s Zebop, but after that things kind of tapered off.  They started using more synths and even synth drums in the studio, and the writing could, frankly, have been better.  The band started getting its groove back with 1990’s Spirits Dancing In The Flesh.  There was a long hiatus from the studio, but the live Sacred Fire is quite good.

And then came Supernatural.  Their biggest selling album, and surely one of the top 25 of all time.  It was a huge collaboration with a half dozen famous young guest stars, including Rob Thomas, Dave Matthews, Lauren Hill, and some old guy named Eric Clapton.  It sold over 15 million copies in the US alone and took every Grammy you could name.

And the album?  Well, it’s . . . pretty good . . . I guess . . .  Actually, the first song, Da le Yaleo, smokes!  Old school Santana at its best.  From there, it kind of slides downhill rather quickly.  Such is the nature of collaboration, I’m afraid.  Rob Thomas’ “Smooth” is the high point, and there’s some other tunes that work pretty well, some that don’t . . . on the whole it’s rather spotty.  But the good stuff was great, and the lesser stuff didn’t exactly suck.  I bought it, and I still play it.

The idea behind it, and the two albums that followed (Shaman and All That I Am) was to show how great Carlos is when he’s working with interesting people on interesting songs.  But the best example of this, the album that I think showcases his gift, the 2010 collection, Guitar Heaven.  Carlos and the band, with a smattering of guest singers, cooking as only they can cook on some rock classics.

Their version of Def Leppard’s “Photograph” is worth the price of admission, along with the AC-DC cover, “Back in Black.”  It was also an inspired choice to let Joe Cocker sing “Little Wing,” and this version of “While My Guitar Gently Weeps” is, maybe, even better than Jeff Healey’s.  Truly inspired, front to back.  Every bar band should own a copy.

And if we’re going to talk about essential Santana albums, we should mention the one that Carlos is NOT on!  Remember, I said we’d get back to Greg Rolie?  Well, in 1997 he got together most of the original Santana band, including drummer Mike Shrieve, guitarist Neal Schon and most of the percussionists, and did an album called Abraxas Pool.  Like secretarial pool, but with people that were on Abraxas, get it?

For those who think Santana was never as good as on the first three albums, this one will justify their position.  It absolutely smokes, and with Schon on guitar you hardly miss Carlos.  It’s the album that Caravanserai never got to be.  Trouble is, it came out just before Supernatural, and promptly disappeared without a trace.  That’s a shame, because it’s twice as good.  Anyone into Santana should have it.

So Who Is This Guy, Anyway?

That’s a good question!  Carlos Santana is one of the few front men in rock history that was NOT a singer.  Hendrix, Clapton, Stevie Ray, they all sang.  Carlos holds court from behind his Paul Reed Smith guitar, while the singers, from Greg Rolie through Leon Patillo, Greg Brown, Alex J. Ligertwood and others, come and go.

There’s a lingering impression that Carlos has always been a sideman in his own band.  Greg Rolie sang and wrote much of the material on the first set of albums.  Tom Coster came on board just as the band’s direction was changing, so it was assumed that he was leading the charge.  On the cover of Love, Devotion, Surrender, we see that McLaughlin has an arm around Carlos, as if he were the guide and teacher.  And then there’s the whole life-changing relationship with Sri Chinmoy.  It would be easy to think that Carlos was being led around by the nose.

But wait just a conga-thumping minute, there, bucko.  What’s the name of the band?  Not Rolie, or Coster, or Devadip.  It’s SANTANA!  In the beginning it was the Santana Blues Band.  There’s a good reason for that.  You scratch a little below the surface and it’s pretty easy to see who the he-bull is in that pasture.  Carlos and Rolie started disagreeing over the band’s direction, and it was Rolie who left.  Eventually he had a falling-out with Chinmoy, as McLaughlin had years earlier, and the band never did change its name to Devadip anyway.

As a band leader, Carlos most resembles Miles Davis.  The famous jazz trumpet player and composer surrounded himself with talented people, and then took advantage of all that talent to make HIS band better.  Whether it was John Coltrane or Wayne Shorter, Bill Evans or Herbie Hancock or John McLaughlin or Marcus Miller, no matter how well they wrote or played, no matter how much each in turn dominated the sound and direction of the music, there was never any question who was the boss.

It was Carlos who decided to mix rock with latin, move on to jazz, then funk, then experiment with electronica and then break out his rolodex and invite the younger generation to his party.  And it was HIS party.  Everybody’s interviews after the Supernatural sessions was about how honored they all were to be let into his world, to see what The Master would do with the raw materials they brought to his forge.  It’s Carlos’ world, everybody else just dances their funky booties off.

And frankly, I can think of worse places to be.

The way to catch Carlos is live.  It’s where the whole reputation was built.  I understand it was Bill Graham, their long-time manager and former owner of the Fillmore and Fillmore East, who convinced them to not randomly jam so much.  He felt that they should concentrate on songs.  You can hear the difference on the ’68 Fillmore album, mentioned above.  It comes from the days when they were more interested in showing off their chops than making cohesive music.  Good call, Bill.

I’ve had the privilege of seeing them in concert twice.  The first time was 1978 at the old Boston Garden, for the Inner Secrets tour.  Great show.  Just after the heavy Devadip period, but he was still hanging with Chinmoy.  He did a thing that night that apparently he didn’t normally do.  Whenever he was getting ready to really rip off a solo, he would quickly lick the fingertips of his left hand.  I know several people who’ve seen him live, and also quite a bit of footage of him, and nobody’s ever seen him do that.  Cool move, though.

The second time was at the 1982 or 1983 California State Fair, in Sacramento California.  Remember, the California State Fair lasts for about a month.  They have a big concert every night of the fair, plus lesser acts during the afternoon.  That year, Bill Graham Productions was booking the shows, so it was logical that Carlos and the gang would be there.

What was NOT logical was the situation they’d find themselves in; as the OPENING act for The Police.  Now, this was just as the Synchronicity album was topping the charts, so it’s understandable that they’d be the headliner.  But with a month of shows, nobody could figure out why Carlos was opening.  After all, Sacto is practically his back yard, and Bill Graham was his manager.  It was anomalous enough that there was speculation in the newspapers as to why it was.

The impression of coercion was not dispelled by the show itself, either.  Santana came out and did their scheduled 45 minute set, and just about burned the place down.  And when they were done . . . they were done!  No encore, no goodbye, nothing.  The place went nuts!  Out came the Police, who actually put on quite a good show, but nobody cared.  By the second song half the crowd had left, and most of the rest were screaming “Carlos!!”

Sting indeed!

So Carlos hit 65 last year.  If he comes to your town, go see him.  You’ll kick yourself if you don’t, especially if you like his music well enough to read this far.  Don’t miss the opportunity.  And if they finish with Toussaint L’Overture, don’t bother getting out your lighter.  He’ll burn brightly enough without it.

The Choice

They say there are three kinds of people; those who can count, and those who can’t.

Before I go any further, I’d like to tell you a story. This came to me several years ago from a gentleman who owned a bike shop. He said when he started the biggest maker of 10-speed (or, I suppose, multi-speed) bicycles was the French company, Peugeot. After a few years people started asking if certain features could be made available on multi-speed bikes; things like higher handlebars, a bigger seat, and knobby off-road tires.

He took these requests to his Peugeot representative, and the rep told him flatly; “That is not the proper way to make a bicycle.” And so the shop owner asked the rep from a small Japanese company, Shimano, that made bicycle derailleurs. His reply was; “How many do you want?”

Now, Shimano is the biggest manufacturer of bicycle derailleurs, and Peugeot is a small niche company, at least in this country.

Isn’t that interesting?

The thing I think is most disturbing about politics is how heavily invested people get in their chosen candidate and party. And most people I know who are political junkies, or even relatively politically aware, claim to be open minded and are willing to consider every candidate.

But the truth is, in 95% of the cases you can tell well ahead of time at least what party they are going to vote for in the Presidential election. Even if there’s evidence to suggest that their personal ideals and goals would be better served by the other side. I know this from personal experience. Early in 1984 I was wrestling with whether to back Gary Hart or Walter Mondale in the Democratic primaries. People who know me and my views might be surprised to learn that.

I know Democrats who cannot bring themselves to believe that the economy actually improved during the Reagan administration, or that it was Republicans that put the Civil Rights Act of 1964 over the top. I also know Republicans that insist that financial markets should be completely deregulated, in spite of the evidence that this is exactly what led to the great depression, and all the little depressions that preceded it.

Why it bugs me is that it keeps people from reading this. I am not trying to stir up the troops on “my side,” and I’m not trying to proselytize from the other side. I am trying to find out if my reasoning is any good. And I am actively trying to get intelligent people whom I respect, and there are many, to read this AND give me some feedback. This is how I’ve learned and grown over the years, and I’m not done yet.

So anyway, that was the big buildup to what I’m thinking about now. But before I get to that, a little history.

The political system we live under now has its roots in the post-Roman European model. The de facto leaders in most communities were the families that owned the most land. And most families, of course, tried to have a lot of kids. This was because kids provided help around the place, and also gave the parents somebody that could take care of them in their old age.

And so it became the tradition in the more well-to-do families to give one son over to public service, and another for the priesthood. This helped to lock in the authority this family enjoyed for the next generation.  It was also their way of "giving back."  This was called the Cavalier Aristocracy.  It's where leaders like George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison came from. You could also argue that John F. Kennedy comes from this tradition.  All these men gave up wealth to serve.

I think it’s safe to say that it’s not only Western civilization that looks to its more elite members for leadership. It’s logical, really. You want to be a winner, you hang with winners. Back in the day, it was the landlords and the church that led. The landlords, because everybody worked for them. You might think the church, because of devotion to God. But as much – or more – than that was the fact that the church used to be the only place one could get an education.

So it is the wealthy and the educated that lead. And things go smoothest when they're on the same page. Eventually, the landlords became Lords, royalty, and formal governments were formed. These, over time, went more toward the Roman model, and now the standard is a representative form of government. But it’s still the elite that populate the halls of government.

And as for the church, their influence has waned, but the influence of the educated class has not. That is because education has become more widespread. And yet there is still an elite among the educated, and these are the people who get called on by government to help lead. Woodrow Wilson, who was President of both Princeton and the United States, is a prime example. Condoleeza Rice came out of academia to serve in several administrations, and there are many others.

That is the choice we are looking at in this election; the landlords and the scholars. Mitt Romney represents the Capitalists, and Barack Obama, the Professors. There are endless ways to frame this. The Pragmatists and the Theorists. The Fat Cats and the Eggheads.

Mitt Romney’s core was probably best expressed by Charles Erwin Wilson, who said; “What’s good for General Motors is good for the country.” Or, as Calvin Coolidge once said, “The business of America is business.” The United States has a free-market capitalist economy. If business is allowed to do business, the wealth it generates trickles down to everybody. Refer, please, to the collected writings of Barry Goldwater, Jack Kemp, and Ronald Reagan.

Barack Obama and those who inspired him believe this system is inherently unfair. They believe that business needs to be strictly regulated and that wealth needs to be more evenly distributed. They believe that business should be exposed and called out every time they make a product that is unsafe, or pollutes, or is made by people who are paid very little and treated very badly. Ralph Nader would fall into this category.  They also believe, deep down inside, that the world would be a better place if there were one government presiding over the whole world.

Karl Marx in “The Communist Manifesto” states that history will inevitably lead to a society where everyone works together for the common good. Communism might be better called “Communalism.” As Archie Bunker once said, “If you live on a commune, you are a commune-ist.”  There is a lot of truth to that, and if you read Marx it looks great on paper.

For a picture of what pure socialism looks like, watch Star Trek. This franchise shows us a world where there is no money and everybody does what they feel they’re best at. Writers write, musicians play music, science geeks become scientists, people who love food become chefs. It’s to be assumed that the plumbers all love working with pipes and water, and that ditch diggers love to dig. The point is, nobody has to have a job they don’t like, and everybody has enough, because whatever you need, somebody else loves to make and provide it.

Of course, advanced technology will eliminate a lot of the less desirable jobs. Ditches would be dug with phasers from orbit, I suppose. Modern technology has already come a long way toward eliminating things like books, magazines, and newspapers, so nobody would ever have to work in a dirty, noisy, dangerous printing plant. The things writers write would go straight to digital. Kind of like this, now that I think of it.

One of the biggest differences between the capitalists/fat cats and the scholars/eggheads is a theory known as the zero-sum game. Basically, this is the belief that there is a certain amount of value to everything in the world, and that sum never wavers. On the surface that sounds ridiculous, but please, dig a little deeper with me.

Let’s say, for instance, that you have a pile of dirt. Not very valuable, from the looks of it. Ah, but you discover that a lot of that dirt is iron ore. You separate the ore, smelt it, refine it, and voila, you have steel. Now it’s become more valuable. Then you take the steel and make something out of it, and it’s more valuable yet again.

And yet under the zero-sum model, you haven’t increased the value of the whole, just one small part. That pile of dirt is but a small part of all the world’s resources. When you increase its value, you decrease the value of everything else proportionately. If the whole world is worth $100, the pile of dirt starts out being worth $0.01. Make steel, the dirt’s value increases to $1.00, so the rest of the world is now worth less; $99.00 as opposed to $99.99. Make a bridge, the dirt – including the steel in the bridge – is now worth $3.00, making the rest of the world worth only $97.00. Follow?

So by this model, all the technological advances in history, all the knowledge gained by the study and manipulation of the natural world, all the exploration ever done, has only redistributed the wealth of the world, not increased it. We have also increased the number of dollars in the world, making each of them worth less. So the original $100 is now $1 billion, but that billion is only worth what the hundred used to be. We’re simply calling the original value something else now and dividing it into smaller pieces.

To follow this logic, in order for the world to be fair, that wealth has to be taken back from the people who have benefitted from all that study and work and creativity and given back to the rest of us for whom living on a pile of dirt is our fate.

The landlords/fat cats/capitalists tend more to believe that the potential for wealth is infinite. I will agree that there are rich people who seek to gain wealth by exploiting the poor, but we’ve learned that insisting on things like a 40-hour work week, child labor laws, environmental and safety standards, and a minimum wage have not diminished the potential for wealth. If anything, it’s expanded it, because now the capitalist industrialists have more customers, who live longer and are happier.

So this piece is not meant to sway you into voting one way or another. It’s merely designed to be an examination of the deeper motivation of each side. Hopefully, it will help you understand the people that you look at and shake your head over, thinking; “How the hell can they be like that?”

The choice we’re being offered seems quite clear to me. Do we follow the scholars, or the businessmen? Or, might there be a third choice? Might it be possible to make both of them follow us? Maybe there are more than two choices after all. I think this is what the Tea party and the Occupy Wall Street movements are all about. If you think that we, the people can have more influence over our nation, then maybe you should think about which side is more likely to give us what we really want, which is a strong economy AND a more responsible society. More cars, less pollution.  More customers, less exploitation.

Which brings us back to my story about the bicycles. One rep felt he knew more about how to build a proper bike than the people who weren’t buying them. The other wanted to do business. The first fellow probably thought that, if they just took what Peugeot made, one day everybody would see the wisdom of it and thank them. The other rode the wave of mountain bikes and got rich.

I would like to recommend a very enlightening book to all my friends. It’s called “Twenty Dollars A Gallon,” by Christopher Steiner. No matter who you agree with, you owe it to yourself to read this book.

Peeing in Rush Limbaugh's Pool

I can still remember the first Earth Day.  April 22, 1970.  I was in, lessee, 9th grade maybe?  It was a big deal.  For the previous couple of years the public's consciousness had been getting raised about ecology.  It probably started with Rachael Carson's 1962 book "Silent Spring."  A great, and chilling, read, even today.  I went to Mascoma Valley Regional High, and we had just started a 4H chapter in Dorchester.  In celebration of Earth Day, we went out and picked up trash along the roads.  Got quite a lot, too, and felt really good about it.  To this day I never throw trash out the window of my car, but keep it in a bag and throw it in a proper receptacle.  Thanks, by the way, to Wal-Mart, Dunkin Donuts and all the other places that provide trash bins for travelers to clean out their cars into, disposing of it in a more responsible manner.

In light of that, you might wonder what I think about the ongoing debate concerning global warming.  Don't bother.  I don't have an opinion.  Not being a scientist, I have no idea whether or not global warming is actually happening, or if it's the fault of mankind.  And really, that's not the issue, is it?  What they're really trying to do with this scary story about melting ice caps and such is say something very simple; pollution is bad.

And it is!  This isn't rocket science.  And it doesn't matter if it's causing the climate to change or not, it's bad anyway.  Trash, and smog, and toxic waste in the water are all bad and we should, indivually and as a society, strive to live cleaner and greener.  We should make cars that pollute less for the same reason we should wash our hands before eating.  And if you don't know why that is, I'm sorry, but you were raised wrong.

But it's become a political issue.  One side has latched onto some sketchy and controversial science to make their point by declaring that mild winters are GM and Exxon's fault.  This gives the other side free reign to question the whole idea.  It leads to things like Rush Limbaugh encouraging people to buy a Humvee and fill it with high-test and drive until you can't stand it any more.  They scoff at the very idea that the activities of man could possibly cause this much harm to the environment.

So . . . how would these people feel if you went up to the edge of their swimming pool, drew down your zipper, and relieved yourself?  Why, they'd be horrified!  The water would quickly change from blue to green, and they would be sickened by the idea of jumping in.

So why has this got to be a big Liberal-vs.-Conservative issue?  Isn't cleanliness next to Godliness?  Didn't your mommy teach you to wash your hands before dinner?  And I'm not just jumping on the Conservatives for this, because the Liberals think we're so stupid we need scary stories to motivate us.

What I'm proposing is simply this; intelligent government.  Unfortunately, this will require an intelligent electorate.  One more interested in facts than slogans and helping "their side" win.  Care to join?

Songwriting: Pearls vs. Diamonds

Have you ever held a pearl and really, really looked at it?  It's easy to see why they're so expensive.  They're beautiful, and they're also fairly difficult to collect.  Hold one up to the light; it's transluscent.  It looks like you can see deep inside it.  You know how they're made, of course.  Yeah, an oyster gets a piece of sand stuck, squirts some kind of juice all over it.  They cultivate pearls, too.  I guess that means they stick pieces of sand inside oysters.  Sounds . . . irritating.

Over the last couple of years I have gotten back to writing songs.  I've been inspired to do so by a couple friends of mine who are excellent songwriters; namely, Sky King and Jim Tyrrell.  Because of their inspiration I have gotten back to basics and been writing what could best be described as folksong-type songs.  A couple of verses, a chorus, maybe a bridge, not worrying as much about arrangement or style as expressing an idea.  Keeping it simple.

I consider songs like this to be like pearls.  One thing.  Simple, and beautiful, and often born out of things as small as a grain of sand, or any sort of emotional or intellectual irritant.  Something that deserves to be sung about.  Musically, it starts at the beginning, goes until the end, runs over whatever bumps are in the middle.  Hard to beat simple.

Now, if you follow this mess of bloggery and read the last couple of pieces, you know that I'm deep in the throes of a Kansas binge.  Got every album of theirs that I could lay my hands on and listened to them all, then went back to the beginning and started over.  As a break from that, I've veered away and dug out my collection of Steve Hillage, a very interesting Brit whose heyday (hayday? heydey?) was the late '70's.  Lots of similarities, once you break it down into the writing scheme.

Kansas, and Kerry Livgren in particular, had a distinctive style.  His songs tend to be made up of lots of little pieces stuck together.  One leads into another, and then another, which gives these songs a cohesiveness.  It's not just velcroing random parts together.  More like building a Ferrari.  You could actually take an early Kansas tune, break it down into its various chunks, and then flesh each of those chunks out into a whole album's worth of simple pearl-like tunes.  There are actually pros who do that sort of thing; grab a jazz album or a classical piece, pull out a riff or scale, and use it as the basis for a country or pop tune.  Randy Bachman of BTO actually admitted to doing so in a Guitar Player interview back in the '70's.

Have you ever seen a raw diamond?  It looks like just a rock, albiet kind of a transluscent one.  A jeweler takes a raw diamond and shaves it at various angles until the surface is covered with flat planes, or facets.  This allows light to travel through it and be twisted into various angles, giving it the visual beauty for which they are so famous.  Kansas songs, most of them, are like diamonds.

There was a point at which my songwriting had gone diamond-style.  They usually started with me experimenting with various sounds on the guitar or keyboard.  Then a lick, a chunk of a scale or something, would connect with that sound, and the process would begin.  At this point, it's decision time.  Do you just let it go around back to the beginning?  Do that a couple of times and you've got verses.  If that's not enough you come up with a chorus, maybe even a bridge.

Or, do you throw standard song-form out the window?  The verse you started with comes to a terminus.  Instead of another verse, you can take it on a sharp left turn.  Maybe you don't even let it become a whole verse.  See if you can find another lick to compliment the first one, and follow that thread a ways.  Especially good if it brings out a different lyrical thing, kind of like turning the stone and letting the light strike the facets from a different angle.  It becomes like building a Song out of little song-lets.

I'm currently working on a tune that's kind of an homage to the Marines in my life.  For whatever reason, the good Lord has seen fit to surround me with Marines.  My father-in-law, my pastor, the previous pastor, the drummer for the Red Hat band, his biker buddies that come to our shows, and they're all awesome people.  A poor ol' squid like me ain't got a chance.

The song was inspired by something my pastor, David Moore, said in a sermon recently.  As an illustration he was describing a situation he faced back in Vietnam.  He and his men came back off one mission but were immediately ordered out on another with some newbies.  They were tired, but it needed to be done, so they went.  And in doing so, they showed the green ones how to get the job done.  The way he put it was; "We were hard."

It wasn't said in a prideful way, like they had their chests puffed out and were going to show these greenies who da man.  It was just a statement of fact, like a weather forcast.  They were hardened, tempered, ready.  Wimping out and crying foul was not an option.  You get back up, grab your pack and your piece, and get it done.

The way the song fell together was almost automatic.  For once, the words came first.  Usually, I find the musical germ and let that settle the pattern the words will have to fit, but this was different.  In two short sittings the lyrics were right there, BAM!  Like writing a news story.  Three verses, seeing a moment through the eyes of a Marine, first in Vietnam, then Iraq, and finally at Valley Forge.  Each verse ending with the words, "We were hard."

So now I have to build some music around that.  I took an afternoon and went out to my office, plugged in my amp and effects unit, and grabbed my beloved Godin LG-90.  Tuned it to an open D, because I've been trying to do more with open tunings and slide, two things I dearly love and am not very good at.  Played around with some different effects and tonal colors, and found a lick.  Knew immediately that this lick was for those words, and got 'em out.

The first verse is a hard 2/2 beat, front pickup, compressor on, and a little of the amp's tremolo to make the light dance through it.  Just the guitar at first, with maybe the kick drum hitting the 2's for the first half, then the drums and bass coming in but beating hard on that 2.  Second verse kicks the heat up a notch, giving that bluesiness a bit of country twang but with more punch than boogie.  Third verse would take it back to the beginning, but finishing up more like the second.

So I got that far, but it needs more.  Left at that, it's about 2, 2 1/2 minutes long and frankly wouldn't leave much of an impression.  There needs to be a bridge between 2 and 3.  Instrumental, because more words aren't necessary.  Something that expresses the feelings; of coming in off the hard march, tired and hungry, and there's trouble, so you go back out.  Something a little angular, a little painful, maybe a quick shout to get the blood pumping, a roar at the sun, and go.

By this point, it was supper time, but as I'm packing up to go back in the house I heard a faint lick on the edge of my mind to think about until next time.  And it's seven notes long, so there's another decision; do I add the eighth-note rest, or build around the seven pattern?  The lick feels solid, so there's the angle and the twinge of pain.  I guess I'm going to let the Marines march through Kansas.

Now, this is a band song, so don't ask for it at the Green House.  And Red Hat don't do originals, so I'll have to call Tod again, or maybe Rocco, and push some more on the side project.  Stay tuned, and toss up a little prayer for me if you don't mind, and I'll keep you posted.  I'm dying to hear how this comes out.

People of the South Wind

The subtle and relentless advances in audio technology that have taken place during my lifetime are truly marvelous to behold. Or, be-hear, maybe. When I was growing up and beginning to collect music, we had advanced up from the 78 rpm record that held about 3 minutes of music to LP (Long Playing) records that held maybe as much as 20 or more minutes per side. Now, of course, everybody’s walking around with tiny MP3 players that hold more than my old record collection.

Somewhere in between those extremes we find the MP3 CD; a CD that, instead of holding simple audio files contains instead MP3 or WAV versions as data files. In this way, one can put sometimes 8, 10, or more “albums” on a single disc. I have recently acquired a car stereo that plays these MP3 CDs, and it has been a revelation. I can put an entire artists’ catalogue on two or three discs, put one in, and that’s what I’m going to listen to for the next week. Diggin’ it.

My latest excursion has been through the collected works of a group known as Kansas. Supposedly, the Indian word “Kaw,” from which the word “Kansas” is derived, means “People of the South wind.” Cool, eh? In reality, it should mean “people for whom the earth revolves around Kerry Livgren.” There have been many excellent musicians and songwriters in this band, but Kerry Livgren has always been the main dude. Even when he’s not in the band.

Like any long-term creative entity, Kansas has been through various periods of development. The Kansas band that got signed to a record deal and started making albums was actually the third incarnation of the band, which will come up again later. Their first three albums, “Kansas,” “Song for America,” and “Masque,” make a sort of set in which experiments were conducted and the band’s sound was solidified.

If there’s a problem with virtuoso musicians when they’re young, it’s that they feel it necessary to play at inhumanly fast speeds. For the uninitiated, listening to these first three albums can be a trifle exhausting. Well worth the effort, though. Excellent writing and arranging, spot-on performances, and for all the notes flying around, not one is wasted.

Many groups in the progressive rock arena took sometimes several albums, and several years, before really getting a handle on things. Not so with Kansas. From the first song on side 1 they hit the ground running and never looked back. If there were an award for best first prog-rock album, the first Kansas album would win hands down. Really, the only thing that took them a while was finding an audience. As good as these albums were, only a small cult following knew it.

Their first release was issued in 1974. By ’76 they had three relative flops in a row and were on the verge of being dropped by their label. When they went into the studio to begin work on their fourth album, Steve Walsh – the lead singer and other primary songwriter – announced that he had writer’s block and had brought no new material with him.

This turned out to be not such a bad thing. Kerry Livgren wrote or co-wrote every song on the record, and “Leftoverture” became and remains their best selling album to date. It starts with a song that he didn’t even mention to the band until the last day of recording, when it was decided they needed one more song. They ran through it once, laid down the track, and it became one of the biggest selling songs of the ‘70’s; “Carry On, Wayward Son.” It’s still a staple of classic rock radio. By this time their playing and writing had matured. It is, arguably, their best album overall. It also kicked off the next epoch in the Kansas story; The Popular Years.

The sad thing about peaks is that they lead directly to going down the other side. Many people pair that album together with the next one, “Point of Know Return.” I can see that, because they were both very confident, upbeat records. They were also very popular, and “Know Return” contained their other two most famous singles, the title track and “Dust In the Wind.”

But I pair “Know” with the one that followed it, “Monolith.” By this time there was a distinct Kansas Sound, and consequently a Kansas Formula. It seems you could write a Kansas song almost like you’d fill out a form, making sure all the required elements were in place. Some of the songs on these two albums sound like that. Now don’t get me wrong, there’s still some great stuff here, but for the first time there are songs that, frankly, they could have done without. If you took the best tunes from both, you’d have one great album.

“Know” and “Monolith” are like opposite sides of the same coin. “Know” is more upbeat, “Monolith” darker and more serious. Most annoying are things like the second cut on “Monolith,” titled “People of the South Wind.” We’ve already discussed where this title came from. The chorus says:

We’re the people of the south wind
The people of the southern wind

Now think about that for a moment. Are they the people of the SOUTH wind, or the SOUTHERN wind? If those two things are the same, why not pick one? If this is something by which you want to identify yourself, why leave it that vague? Why not put a little more thought into the second line, instead of just sticking something in there that fit the number of syllables?

Even so, the level of performance remained at the highest level. Up to this point I cannot recall a time when anyone in Kansas was just phoning it in. Even with Livgren and Walsh’s writing beginning to show signs of weakness and fatigue, Walsh always sang with passion and played the keyboards brilliantly.

The whole band was great. If Kerry Livgren was the brain, and Steve Walsh the voice, then violinist/vocalist Robby Steinhardt was the soul of the band. He’s a classically trained violinist, and in a band with three strong soloists and a great singer he staked himself out a place of his own. He also acted as the Master of Ceremonies for the band when playing live. If you want a clue on how incredible this band was, listen to any of their early stuff and pay close attention to Robby’s violin parts. Then realize that, unless Steinhardt shared a writing credit, his part was written out by Livgren. He was also a very good singer, his slightly rough, strident voice making an interesting counterpoint to Walsh’s soaring high tenor.

The rest of the band was this good as well. Drummer Phil Ehart, along with guitarist Rich Williams, are the only members to appear on every Kansas album. One of my ongoing complaints with their earlier recordings is that the drums never quite sound right. Ehart was extremely talented, and yet the drums always sound thin and somewhat muffled on the record. Bassist Dave Hope kind of disappeared into the background, but remembering that a lot of the parts were written out he gets credit for being able to play them.

Second guitarist Rich Williams is an interesting case study. Livgren, of course, set the tone for everyone else as not only main songwriter, but on keyboards and lead guitar as well. Even so, Williams wasn’t relegated to a simple rhythm guitarist role. His solos are hot, smokin’, and easily recognizable next to Livgren’s.

Williams seems to be the perfect sideman, rolling with every change and carrying his part with grace and class. In the band’s latter days he is the only guitar player, and holds up his end AND Livgren’s on the older material. He’s got a good gig and he knows it. That’s called mental health, people. On the whole, in spite of Livgren clearly being the Alpha Dog on the block, it’s a very democratic band with everyone having ample opportunity to shine.

Now, at this point I want to state that I am deliberately ignoring a major development in Kerry Livgren’s personal life. The reason is that, once it’s out there, it colors everyone’s perception of him and all the music he did from this point on. The purpose of this piece is to discuss the MUSIC of Kerry Livgren and Kansas, not his personal life.

In late ’79, early ’80, Livgren began recording his first solo album, “Seeds of Change.” In my humble opinion, it’s brilliant. It’s still one of my all-time favorite albums. Great songs, and guest performances by a wide range of musicians from fellow members of Kansas to vocalists Mylon LeFevre and Ronny James Dio. Worth of mention here is the song “Living For the King,” vocal by Dio and featuring one of my favorite guitar solos ever. There is something about this album that elevates it head and shoulders above “Know Return” and “Monolith.”

This vibe carried over to the next Kansas album, “Audio-Visions.” Despite touching all the bases of the “Kansas Sound” there’s nothing on this album that resembles the lowest fill-in-the-blank points of its two predecessors. Of particular note are the third and fourth songs, which work brilliantly together. Cut #3, “Hold On,” is a beautiful ballad by Livgren that manages to avoid the worst “power ballad” excesses and features a passionate vocal by Walsh. That leads right into the Walsh-penned rocker, “Loner,” kicking it off by repeating the last line from “Hold On,” a note higher. It sends chills down your spine. While not quite as good as “Leftoverture,” it’s still very, very good.

Unfortunately, it also marks the end of the band’s second period. “Audio-Visions” was the last Kansas album to earn a gold record. Philosophical differences between Livgren and Walsh caused the latter to leave and start his own band, “Streets.” This left open a seat for a lead vocalist and keyboard player.

For some inexplicable reason, the person chosen for the job was John Elefante. I’ve seen a short list of people who were passed over in Elefante’s favor. Having heard most of them, the question arises; what the hell were they thinking? He isn’t half the singer that Steve Walsh was. There must have been something about him that fascinated Livgren. It was a little like watching John fall for Yoko.

The Elefante period is marked by two albums with musical puns for titles; “Vinyl Confessions” and “Drastic Measures.” That also describes the music contained within, at least by Kansas’ high standards. “Confessions” is particularly dire, and you’re deep into side 2 (for you who remember vinyl) before hearing anything really resembling Kansas. “Measures” at least rocks harder, but it’s still not very good.

Violinist Robby Steinhardt is barely noticeable on “Confessions,” and the Wikipedia article on the band says that he “didn’t show up for the sessions for the next album.” After the support tour for “Measures,” Livgren himself left the band. He gathered some musicians, among them Warren Ham and Mike Gleason, both of whom Elefante had beaten out for the lead vocal chair in Kansas, and went into the studio to record his next solo album.

The session gelled so well that they decided to form a new band. Unfortunately, Livgren was contractually bound to Kansas for life. Livgren’s autobiography, also titled “Seeds of Change,” says that there was a small loophole, although again the Wikipedia article says the loophole was negotiated with the record company, that allowed him to form a band as long as they were marketed to a particular demographic. And so was born the band, “AD.”

I have the first two of AD’s four albums, “Time Line” from 1984 and ‘85’s “Art of the State,” and they’re excellent! Musically they hearken back to the “Audio-Visions” days, but moved on a little further. What is most striking, and different from Kansas, is an air of downright playfulness. As intricate and sophisticated as the music is, they sound like they’re having a great time playing it. And even writing it! Seriously, I could never imagine Kansas pulling out a song like “We Are the Men” from “Art of the State.”

The rest of Kansas didn’t entirely fade away, though. In 1985 Walsh, Williams and Ehart grabbed a new bass player and uber-fusion guitarist Steve Morse for a new album. It’s tempting to refer to this as the Morse years, as he got a lot of writing credits and was, after all, Livgren’s direct replacement. But it would be more honest to call it the Post-Livgren period.

The three albums this grouping recorded between ’85 and ’95 were . . . well, they were actually pretty good, and got progressively better. But they don’t really sound like Kansas. Frankly, they sound more like Journey or Styx. Which isn’t a bad thing . . . unless you’re really expecting Kansas. But Kansas without Kerry Livgren . . .

The first was “Power,” and Morse gets more writers’ credits than Walsh. Three years later was “In the Spirit Of Things,” which was a loosely-constructed concept album about the 1951 flood of Neosho Falls, Kansas. O-o-o-kay. And it took until 1995 for them to do another, during which time they were dropped by their label. Everything from “Freaks of Nature” on has been released on their own label.

They did reunite with Livgren for a tour between “Spirit” and “Freaks,” and even got David Ragsdale, another violinist, so they could do the older stuff live and sound more like themselves. But Livgren left after a while and Morse came back to do “Freaks” and finish their touring commitments.

In 1997 Ragsdale left and Robby Steinhardt returned! The band went into the studio with an orchestra and recorded “Always Never The Same.” It’s an odd collection; a couple covers, a few new tunes, and the rest old Kansas stuff. It may have been a mistake to do this one, because it just emphasizes how great Kerry Livgren’s songs from the ‘70’s were. But it sounds really great, and it shows just how good Rich Williams is on lead guitar. With no Morse or Livgren to cast a shadow over him, he steps forward and rocks the house.

In 2000 Kansas did it’s most recent album, “Somewhere to Elsewhere.” There is some mystery shrouding this album, because all the songs are by Kerry Livgren, even though he’s not officially back in the band. There are stories around that AD was more of a creative success than a financial one, and that he was left with quite a lot of debt. This is given as an explanation in some circles regarding the release of the last two AD albums, and for his offering these songs to Kansas. The other explanation is that they were desperate to touch base with their old fans, and went to him first.

Whatever the reason for doing it, the album . . . well, it’s not bad. Really. It’s probably better than any album under the Kansas name since Audio-Visions. But remember what I said about the first three albums, that everything was played at breakneck speed? That’s not a problem here. Everything seems so ss-l-l-o-o-ww in comparison. The songs aren’t bad, and if you like Kansas they’re probably better than anything from the Morse years. They’re just, well, kinda sleepy.

Livgren had what is described as a “massive stroke” in 2009, but since has recovered enough to continue to write, record, and tour. Remember what I said early on about the Famous Kansas being the third version? Well, the second version’s demo tapes got released in 2003 as “The Lost Kansas Tapes.” It attracted enough attention that Livgren got THAT Kansas back together for some more recording and a tour of Europe. It went well, so that’s been an on-again, off-again project working under the name of Proto-Kaw.

Livgren also has his own small label and production company called Numovox, and has done a few solo albums. I’ve only heard one, a collection of instrumentals called “One of Several Possible Musicks.” Didn’t care for it, frankly, but oh well. And that’s about it, I guess. I’m going to try and get my hands on some Proto-Kaw, and if I think it’s worth a mention I’ll do so.

Of course, it wouldn’t be worth doing one of these without making a recommendation for your collection. If you’re going to get one and only one Kansas album, make it “Leftoverture.” If you don’t like that one, you won’t like any of them. If, on the other hand, that whets your appetite for more, go for the three that came before it; “Kansas,” “Song for America,” and “Masque.”

Once you’ve gone that far, you owe it to yourself to get “Audio-Visions” and Livgren’s first solo project, “Seeds of Change.” By then, what the hell, go find some AD; “Time Line” and “Art of the State” are the best. If you must go further, head for “Point of Know Return” and “Monolith,” along with their first live album, “Two For the Show.” Only then should you consider getting the Morse albums and beyond, or just seeking counseling.

And finally, I would be remiss if I left you with the impression that Kerry Livgren was the whole band.  The Elefante years proved that they also needed Steve Walsh.  And Robby Steinhardt.  And as good as a lot of Livgren's work aside from Kansas has been, the six original members had a certain chemistry that could not be reproduced.

So enjoy the feel of that South wind on your face, and carry on, my wayward son.